Cognitive psychologists commonly categorize human cognition into two distinct systems: System 1 functions rapidly and automatically, devoid of voluntary control, while System 2 is characterized as deliberate, reflective and slow. Faced with constraints like time and cognitive capacity, we frequently rely on swift heuristics rather than deliberate contemplation when making our everyday choices. Research in behavioral economics has outlined these cognitive shortcuts, shedding light on how they predispose individuals to form judgments that are predictably irrational.

The recognition that everyday decision-making often deviates from the normative rationality upheld by traditional microcosms holds both theoretical and practical implications on behavioral sciences. A significant practical consequence emerging from the exploration of biases and heuristics lies in how policymakers can strategically "nudge" individuals towards decisions and behaviors that align with their own best interests. Coined by Thaler and Sunstein in 2008 and further developed in 2022, the concept of "choice architecture" illuminates how the presentation of options can mold and even reverse individuals' preferences.

The notion of nudging has garnered substantial influence, prompting the establishment of numerous "nudge" units within governmental agencies around the globe since its inception. Empowered by insights into human judgment tendencies, behavioral scientists are exploring cost-effective and non-coercive strategies to attain favorable policy outcomes. The course aims to delve into the impactful role that choice architects can assume in influencing individuals' behaviors positively, with a particular focus on the realm of information design. The course will start with an introductory overview of research and insights concerning human biases and heuristics, followed by an exploration of empirical studies that test diverse nudge techniques. This exploration is centered within the domains of health and sustainability, shedding light on how these techniques can be effectively employed to shape behaviors for the better.

The course is organized with the following modules:
1. Introduction to normative and descriptive human reasoning
2. Heuristics and biases
3. Nudges
a. Framing
b. Confirmation bias
c. Social conformation